アテネでの昼食

　プラカ地区に歩いて行き、食べました。思ったよりも町は小さい。

プラカで昼食。『地球の歩き方』から。

この昼食を食べたタベルナから写真を撮る

サガナキ＝「揚げチーズ」

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A. プロピレア（2018/10）

The Propylaia, the monumental entrance of the sanctuary of the Acropolis, was built at the west edge of the hill in the frame of the building programme of Perikles. The building’s architect was Mnesikles, who applied ingenious and innovative architectural solutions. The construction of the Propylaia (437-432 B.C.) was interrupted by the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, and as a result the original plan remained incomplete.
The Propylaia comprise a central building with an E.-W. direction and similar hexastyle (6 columns) Doric pedimental facadet. A cross-wall with five doorways divides the central building into two parts. The longer western one is divided into three aisles by two Ionic colonnades, each of three columns, which support the ceiling. The marble ceilings comprised beams and coffered slabs which had rich painted decoration. The central building of the Propylaia is flanked on the south and the north by two wings with a similar prostyle Doric porch. In the north wing the hall lying behind the porch might have served as a banquet and recreation hall for the worshippers. According to the traveler Pausanias (2nd cent. A. D.) the hall was decorated with paintings and for this reason is conventinally known as the “Pinakotheke” (picture gallery). The southwing consists only of a porch through which the sanctuary of Athena Nike was accessed.
In the 6th cent. A.D., the south wing of the Propylaia was transformed into a single-aisle Christian basilica. In the Medieval times, Frankish and FIorentine rulers converted the Propylaia into a Palace and a tall tower was built at the south wing. During Ottoman Occupation, in 1640. The building was struck by a lightning or a cannonball which blew up the gunpowder stored there and caused extensive damage to the monument.The Medieval and later remains were removed during the excavations of the Acropolis in the 19th cent.in order to reveal the Propylaia of the Classical period.

A.　プロピレア
　プロピレアは、アクロポリス聖域の記念碑門を示し、丘の西端にあり、枠組みはペリクレスによる建築設計だった。建築家はムニシクルスで、独創的かつ革新的な建築法を使っている。 プロピレアの建設（前437-432年）はペロポネソス戦争の発生で中断、その結果、元の計画は不完全なままである。
　プロピレアは東西に向いた中央の建物で、同じく玄関は６柱（6列）、正面にはドリス式ペディメント（三角形の切妻壁）がある。 ５つの出入口がある横断壁は、中央の建物を２つに分割する。比較的長い西側のものは、通路３つと、イオニア式の列柱２つに分かれ、列柱はそれぞれ円柱3つで天井を支える。大理石の天井には、梁と石板が含み、豊かな装飾があった。プロピレアの中央の建物は、南翼と北翼で同様のドリス式前柱廊ポーチが側面に並ぶ。北翼ではポーチの後ろの集会場は、崇拝者たちの宴会とレクリエーション集会場として役立ったと思える。旅行者パウサニアス（２世紀）によると、この集会場は絵画で飾られていたため、この理由から、 慣習的に”ピナコテーケー”（絵画館）として知られている。南翼はポーチだけから構成し、アテナ・ナイキの聖域がある。
　６世紀で、プロピレアの南翼は、単一通路のキリスト教のバシリカに変形された。中世の時代には、フランク人とフィオレンティンの支配者たちはプロピュライアを宮殿に改造し、南翼には高塔が建設された。オスマン帝国時代の1640年に、建物には稲妻か砲弾の爆破があり、そこにあった貯蔵庫の火薬は爆発し、プロピレアに大きな被害をもたらした。古典時代のプロピレアを明らかにするために、中世以降の遺跡は、19世紀にアクロポリスの発掘中に除去している。

B.　アテナ・ニケとヒュギエイアの神殿
　プロピレアの中央建物の東南部では小さな神殿があり、アテナ・ニケ（健康）とヒュギエイア両者の神であるアスクレピオスの娘に捧げられている。この娘は薬の神である。 アクロポリスにあるアテナ・ニケの信仰は碑文的証言によると前6世紀からのもので、ヒュギエイアの信仰は前420年である。
　神殿には、長方形の祭壇の一部と、アテネの彫刻家ピロスが作ったアテネ・ニケの銅彫像のうち円筒状の大理石の土台が保存されている。伝統によれば（プルタルコス『ペリクレスの一生』、 13.7-8）、この像は、プロピレアの建設中に事故を起こした労働者の救助のために捧げられたという。 しかし、アテネの人々（demo）が、ペロポネソス戦争（前429-427年）の始まりに都市を襲う疫病と関連して捧げられたとの見解がいいだろう。

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　パルテノンの復元（2018/10）

The project of the Opisthonaos (1992-1993 and 2001-2004) included the strengthening of columns by grouting (1997) and the structural restoration of the capitals, the upper drums and the entablature. The blocks of the west part of the frieze were transferred to the museum and cleaned with the use of a laser method; they were replaced with copies made of artificial stone (1-2).
The works in the west side (2011-2015) concerned the structural restoration of the two corners of the entablature including the capitals and parts of the edges of the pediment. Seven metopes from the west of the monument were transferred to the museum, while copies were placed back to their original positions (2,5,6).
During June of the 2017 the restoration programme of the west pediment began. The works were of a rescue nature and included the dismantling of the middle orthostate and the upper blocks of the backing wall. During their repositioning special damps will be used to further secure the orthostates (3-4).
ln the period of (2017-2020) the works will involve the replacing of the grid frame of the roof of the west wing, with the use of ancient restored beams together with new ones that were made in the 1950s.
Later on, the arrangement of all or some of the newer coffer slabs will also take place (7).

https://classicalarthistory.wordpress.com/2015/11/21/doric-and-ionic-orders/

　神殿後側（Opisthonaos）プロジェクト（1992-1993、2001-2004）では、薬品注入による柱の強化（1997年）と、 柱頭、上部筒形部、エンタブラチュア（柱の上に架した梁部）の構造的復元などを行う。西側のフリーズの台盤は、博物館に移され、レーザーで清掃し、人工石で作ったものに置き換えられた（1-2）。
　西側の仕事（2011-2015）では、 柱頭やペディメント（切妻屋根の稜線とコーニスとに囲まれた三角形の壁面）の端などエンタブラチュアの2つの隅の構造的復元に関係する。記念碑の西からの7つのメトープが博物館に移され、コピーを元の位置（2,5,6）に戻した。
　2017年6月の間、西ペディメントの修復計画が始まった。この仕事には救助の性格があり、中央の立て石と裏側の壁の上のブロックの解体を含む。位置を変えている間、立て石をさらに固定するために特別な防湿性材料を使用する予定である（3-4）。
　この期間（2017-2020）は、西棟の屋根の格子枠を置き換え、古代の復元した梁や、1950年代に作られた新しい梁も一緒に使用する。
　その後、新しい石製の格間の全部～一部の配置も行われる（7）。

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The architectural refinements of the Parthenon
The architectural members of the Parthenon were carved in such a way that the parts of the temple present deviation from the strict straight line; the horizontal parts (steps, stylobate, elevation) are slightly convex, the vertical parts (columns, walls of the cella) slightly incline inwards, the columns diameter tapers from the lower to their upper part and have a swelling in the middle of their height, etc., resulting in an overall impression of an upward movement of the building.

The Parthenon was a temple dedicated to Athena Parthenos (Virgin). It is built in the Doric order and made of white Pentelic marble with a width of 30.86 m., a length of 69.51 m. and a height of 15 m. It has an outer colonnad (pteron) of 8 columns on the short and 17 columns on the long sides as well as an inner colonnade (prostasis) of 6 columns on the short sides. The interior of the temple was divided into the pronaos, the sekos (cella), the opisthodomos and the opisthonaos (see Plan. no 1,2,3 and 4 respectively).

The Parthenon was the most important building of the Programme for the re-establishment of the Acropolis sanctuary after the sack by the Persians (480 B.C.), which was implemented at the initiative of Perikles, the renowned politician of Athens. The funding for the programme came from the treasury of the Athenian League that was kept in the opisthodomos of the Parthenon.

The temple was built between 447 and 438 B.C. and its sculptural decoration was completed in 432 B.C. Iktinos and Kallikrates were the architects of the temple. lts architectural sculptures were designed and partly sculpted, in collaboration with his colleagues, by the famous Athenian sculptor and friend of Perikles, Pheidias, who also had the general supervision of the construction of the temple. Pheidias also created the chryselephantine (gold and ivory) statue of the goddess with an imposing formal appearance and of a total height of 12 m, which stood in the cella. The statue is not preserved but its appearance is known from ancient writers and later copies.

The sculptural adornment of the temple.
The rich sculptural decoration of the Parthenon which through the centuries suffered severe damages and looting, consisted of 92 metopes, the compositions on the pediments and the frieze (see sectional diagram of the Parthenon). Great part of the original sculptural decoration is exhibited in the Acropolis Museum. The metopes depict the battle between the Olympian gods against the rebellious Giants (Gigantomachy) on the east side, the sack of Troy by the Greeks (Ilou persis) on the north side the repulsion of the Amazons who threatened the city (Amazonomachy) on the west side, and scenes of battle between Greeks and Centaures (Centauromachy) on the south side.

The east Pediment represents the birth of Athena from the head of her father Zeus, in the presence of other Olympian gods. The duration of the birthday of the goddess is defined by the chariot of Helios (the sun) and the chariot of Selene (the moon) at the corners of the pediment. The west pediment shows the dispute between Athena and Poseidon for the protection of Attica, in the presence of the kings who were the forefathers of the Athenians and local heroes or personifications of the Attic landscape.

The frieze, an intercalary lonic element in a Doric building of a total length of 160 m. depicts the procession of the festival of the Great Panathenaea, in which several groups of the citizens and the army of Athens participated. The Procession concludes on the east side, with the offering of the robe (peplos), for the cult statue of Athena Polias in the presence of the Olympian gods.

　北イタリアの家庭料理です。

トスカーナで夕食

オリーブオイルの多さ

　最初はオリーブオイル10数本が出て、どれかいいか聞かれた。ただし、これがお薦めです、といっていたので、それにした。隣のアメリカ人も同じように聞かれて、全く同じオリーブオイルを選んでいた。同じなのです。

　その次は、パン。パンが串焼きになってでている。しかし、あまりおいしくはない。
　長く長く細長いパン。これは日本でも出ている。

トスカーナのパン

　他に、まるごとのニンニク球根が揚げてあり、上部分は捨てて、下部分を出している。へーっと思うが、米国式、それともイタリア式？　普通はアメリカ式なんでしょうね。

ニンニク球根

トスカーナ

トスカーナのメニュー

トスカーナのメニュー2

　前菜とメインを1つずつ食べる。

　アスパラガス、イタリアハム、チーズ、野菜の盛り合わせ。

アスパラガス、イタリアハム、チーズ、野菜の盛り合わせ。

　ロブスターのリゾット

ロブスターのリゾット

　スカロピーネ。仔牛の薄切り肉にワイン風味のソースを添えて。Scaloppine di Vitello a Modo Tuo. [Scaloppini of Veal Medallions prepared in sauteed in Aged Marsala Wine sauce]

コストレッタ。ベーコン巻のコロラドラムチョップ。Costolette d’Agnello avvolte nel Pancetta Toscana. [Roasted Pancetta-Wrapped Colorado Lamb Rack served over Traditional Roasted Potatoes perfumed with Garlic and Rosemary]

コストレッタ（あばら骨付き背肉）のコロラドラムチョップ。

　うーん、普通でした。

⇦　もどる

⇦　もどる

Dear Guest,

As you are aware last night, Riviera had to return to Piraeus for a medical emergency.
Unfortunately there were no other options available to us at the time.
Riviera departed from Piraeus at midnight, with 6 hours delayed from our original schedule and expected rough sea conditions while sailing toward Rhodes; we will not be able to make up the time to allow you some time in Rhodes. Therefore the Oceania head office has decided to cancel our call to Rhodes and proceed directly to lraklion, where we will be arriving as per schedule on October 26th.

If you are holding Oceania tickets for any tours in Rhodes, they will be automatically refunded based on your method of payment and there is no need for you to do anything further.

If you had made private arrangements in the port of Rhodes, our concierges will be happy to help you contacting your private tour operators.

The safety of our guests is always our primary concern.

We apologize for any personal disappointments and we thank you for your understanding.